UNEP Year Book
2008
An Overview of our Changing Environment
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Contents
Preface iii
Global Overview 1
Calendar of selected events in 2007 2
Focus on climate change 4
Significant climate anomalies and events 8
Pressures on biodiversity 10
Environmental governance 14
Feature Focus: Putting the Pieces Together: Using Markets and Finance
to Fight Climate Change 17
Introduction 18
Taking responsibility 19
Carbon markets–cap-and-trade 24
The future for emissions trading 29
The role of governments 32
Emerging Challenges: Methane from the Arctic 37
Arctic climate feedback 38
Methane from thawing permafrost 39
Methane from hydrates 41
Changes in nature 43
Looking ahead 46
Acronyms and abbreviations 49
Acknowledgements 50